Wednesday, August 22, 2018

Peptic Ulcer Drugs Classification Therapeutic Utility


Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) occurs with a break in the lining of the stomach, first part of the small intestine or occasionally the lower oesophagus. Common causes include the bacteria, Helicobacter Pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Classification of PUD 1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3.Ulcers 4.Duodenum 5.Mucosa 6.Submucosa 7.Muscle Differential Diagnosis • Gastritis • Stomach cancer • Pancreatitis • Hepatic congestion • Cholecystitis • Inferior myocardial infarction Classify the drugs used in treatment of peptic ulcer For the treatment of peptic ulcers, the main objective of pharmacotherapy is to eradicate Helicobacter Pylori infection and to reduce morbidity. This is to prevent complications in patients with peptic ulcers. Acid suppression is the general pharmacologic principle of medical management when treating acute bleeding from peptic ulcers by using Histamine II receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs). Both these classes are available in oral and intravenous preparations. Discontinuation of NSAIDs is necessary if it is clinically possible. For those patients who have to continue with their NASAIDs, the maintenance of PPI is always recommended so that recurrences are prevented even after the eradication of Helicobacter Pylori. Explain their mechanism of action and their therapeutic utility The recommended primary therapy for treatment of peptic ulcers and helicobacter pylori infection is the proton pump inhibitor (PPI). It is combined with antacids and an anesthetic like viscous lidocaine or an antispasmodic may also be used as a symptomatic therapy. If the helicobacter pylori eradication is not achieved despite repeat treatment, then anti-secretory therapy is recommended. The patients are possibly suffering with the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome as a secondary cause of duodenal ulcer. This is a disorder in which severe peptic ulceration is found due to edema or hyperplasia of islet of pancrease that secrete gastrin resulting in hyperchlorhydria. Classification of PPIs:- • Omeprazole (Prilosec) – It decreases gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the parietal cell H+/K+ ATP pump. It will decrease the incidence of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers and it can be used to help prevent peptic ulcers in long term NSAID users at high risk. Omeprazole and Domperidone Omeprazole and Domperidone contain a proton pump inhibitor and anti-dopaminergic agent, prescribed for ulcers, indigestion and acid stomach. Same trade names. • Lansoprazole (Prevacid) – It decreases gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the parietal cell H+/K+ ATP pump. It is given with clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole if the patient is allergic to penicillin. • Rabeprazole (Aciphex) – It decreases gastric acid by inhibiting the parietal cell H+/K+ ATP pump. It is used for a short term treatment of two months and elief of symptomatic erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease. If patients are not healed in this time, then an additional treatment of two months is prescribed. • Esomeprazole (Nexium) – This is an S-isomer of Omeprazole. It inhibits gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of gastric parietal cells. It is used in severe cases. • Pantoprazole (Protonix)- It suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells. Pantoprazole Pantoprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor, prescribed for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, and erosive oesophagitis. It decreases the amount of acid made in the stomach. Trade Names - Pandom | Acidwel | Azpan - DM | Histamine II Blocker Treatment Classification:- • Cimetidine (Tagamet) – It can be used as primary therapy to heal peptic ulcers that are not associated with helicobacter pylori infection. The duration of treatment is two months. • Famotidine (Pepcid) – This inhibits histamine at H2 receptor of gastric parietal cells effectively resulting in reduced gastric acid secretion, gastric volume and hydrogen ion concentrations. Famotidine is a histamine (H2-receptor antagonist), prescribed for ulcer. Trade Names - Famoflam (20 mg) | Acidosh (20 mg) | Blocacid (20 mg) | • • Nizatidine (Axid) – This inhibits histamine at H2 receptor of gastric parietal cells resulting in reduced gastric acid secretion, gastric volume and hydrogen ion concentrations. • Ranitidine (Zantac) – This inhibits histamine stimulation of the H2 receptor in gastric parietal cells and reduces gastric acid secretion, gastric volume and hydrogen ion concentrations. Ranitidine and famotidine, which are both H2 receptor antagonists, provide relief of peptic ulcers, heartburn and indigestion. They decrease the amount of acid in the stomach helping with healing of ulcers. When Helicobacter Pylori infection is present, the most effective treatments are combinations of two antibiotics (e.g. clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole) and a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI), sometimes together with a bismuth compound. This is acid reducing medication. Ranitidine is an antacid, anti-reflux agent and anti-ulcerant, prescribed for peptic ulcer. Trade Names - Giran | Intac | Acispas | Ani -Spa Younger patients with ulcer-like symptoms are often treated with antacids or H2 antagonists before endoscopy is undertaken. People who are taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) may also be prescribed a prostaglandin analogue (misoprostol) in order to help prevent peptic ulcers. Classification of Drugs for Peptic Ulcers Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide contains antacids, prescribed for preventing ulcers, heartburn relief, acid indigestion and stomach upsets. Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide neutralizes acid in the stomach. Trade Names - Aludrox | Dizicum | Glycopyrrolate Glycopyrrolate is a muscarinic anticholinergic agent, prescribed for peptic ulcer in combination with other medicines and also used in anesthesia as preoperative medication. It reduces acid and saliva secretions. Trade Names - Camolate (0.2 mg) | Glyco P (0.2 mg) | Vagolate (0.2 mg) | Lafutidine Lafutidine is an antacid, prescribed for ulcer. Trade Names - Laciloc (10mg) | Lafaxid (10mg) | Lafutax (10 mg) | Mepenzolate Mepenzolate is an anti-muscarinic agent, prescribed for the treatment of peptic ulcer combined with other medication. It decreases acid secretion in the stomach and control intestinal spasms. Trade Names – A Kare and Mifenac. Misoprostol Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin; prescribed for ulcer, labor induction, induced abortion, miscarriage, postpartum hemorrhage (blood loss during birth) and other gynecological uses. Trade Names – Misonac and Safeguard Oxyphenonium Oxyphenonium is an anti-muscarinic agent, prescribed for peptic ulcer and it prevents muscle spasm in the gastrointestinal tract. Trade Names - Alupromate D | Oxyphenonium Bromide | Ulpane | Pirenzepine Pirenzepine is an antacid, prescribed for peptic ulcer. Trade Name – Same. Propantheline Propantheline is an anti-muscarinic agent, prescribed for peptic ulcer, and urinary incontinence. Trade Names - Pepler | Probanthine | Sere Banthine | Ulsedin |

Link Building Service Tools are vital for attracting Traffic


To make your online business successful, you need to build up traffic to your website. The presence of your website is needed to be high up on the Google page ranks. The objective of link building service is to help your website reach that place. Good link building requires skills. It involves unique creative thinking that uses a logical approach with good communication skills. A link builder has to be a good art director, networker, marketer and an analyst. The online visibility of a website is the ultimate objective of an internet marketer. The backlink popularity of a website is strengthened by using the correct search engine optimization techniques. Link building service is the pulse of search engine optimization. If you are in a position to build smart links to your website from related sites or blogs, you will be able to grab the potential customers and attract them to your website across the web. The best link building service finds efficient one way links to your website from many external sites or blogs. Successful internet marketers depend on the services of professional SEO companies to get backlinks of high quality to their website. Using a backlink has become very important to the search engine optimization end. Website backlinks have become like building blocks to effective SEO. A back link gives indication of how important and popular your website has become. There are several link building service tools to help your website in becoming important and popular. They are • Ontolo - Ontolo is a complex tool but it is effective if you know how to use it to your advantage. If you give search phrases that are extremely specific, it is useful for link prospecting. It is highly suitable for large corporate companies or SEO agencies. It can be customized to allow workflow management from end-to-end. • BuzzStream - This tool will help you in creating your own database of link building sites. You can use these sites to get in touch with the owners of the site. The great feature about BuzzStream is the `bookmarklet’. It is a button that you can add to the toolbar of your browser. It will allow you to add any site that you are visiting with just a few clicks. It will automatically find the name, email address and the social media profile of the site that you have added. You can categorize the sites with tags. • OpenSiteExplorer - This tool gives you the option of analyzing your competition and understanding what your competition is doing to increase the page rankings. A list of metrics is given to you with website backlinks, their anchor text and their domain authority. The information about each competitor site can be opened on a spreadsheet. • Raven - The suite of tools provided by Raven covers analysis on-page and even allows social media monitoring. The scope of the options available is vast as it integrates with many external services like BaseCamp for link prospecting and monitoring. • Citation Labs – It is quite time consuming to find quality sites as a link builder that are going to be relevant to you. You can just choose the link you are looking for and enter some key phrases. The software will generate a report with all relevant sites to the terms you sought. The main purpose of a quality back link is to attract visitors to your website. You cannot just depend on your website to draw in people without any pointers to your web pages. Therefore, it is recommended that you seek out an effective and professional SEO company that uses the right SEO methods to get backlinks and improve the ranking of your website.

The Bitter Truth about Fructose and how it endangers Health


A study that was done few years ago at the University of California in Davis has pointed out that new fat cells can build round your vital organs with a high fructose diet. It can take people into the early stages of diabetes and heart disease in just a matter of ten weeks whereas this was not the case with a high glucose diet. The study also revealed that a heavy fructose diet can contribute to obesity and insulin resistance. It is also responsible for hypertension, liver disease, cancer and arthritis. Fructose metabolises differently in your body than glucose would as per Dr. Mercola who talks about how glucose would not damage your metabolism in his own website, `Mercola.Com’. Dr. Mercola goes on to explain that glucose was meant to give you energy so that your body could run efficiently. He says that every cell in your body and “in fact, every living thing on the Earth- uses glucose for energy.” There is bad news for the corn industry giants as the high fructose corn syrup has been confirmed to alter the human metabolism as per Dr. Richard Johnson, author of the `Fat Switch’. Dr. Johnson mentions that if you receive your fructose from a source like only fruits and vegetables, you would probably be consuming about fifteen grams a day. But, if you take in one sweetened drink, it will give you about seventy three grams there itself. The fructose is mixed in with fiber, minerals and vitamins along with enzymes in natural fruits and vegetables. It will also give you the beneficial phytonutrients. There will not be a negative impact on your metabolism. Dr. Johnson says that fructose is not a damaging thing by itself. It is the dosage that makes it dangerous. The entire role of metabolising fructose is done by your liver. When people are taking in fructose in heavy doses, they will be facing negative effects on their liver. The study done at the University of California in Davis has also shown that almost fifty five per cent of sweeteners that are used in the food and beverage manufacturing industry are made out of corn syrup. The study asserts that the main source of calories in the American diet is the soda in the form of HFCS (high fructose corn syrup). This shift from sucrose to corn syrup started taking place in the nineteen seventies by the major food and beverage manufacturers. They found out that HFCS was cheaper to use. It was also twenty per cent sweeter than the refined table sugar. This switch has completely altered the average North American diet. The most unfortunate thing for the diabetics is that the low-fat diet foods are often found to be the highest in fructose. The fiber is also removed from these foods when they are processed. The nutritive value then becomes next to nothing. Dr. Robert Lustigi, Professor in the Division of Endocrinology at the University of California in San Francisco suggests that it is better for the diabetics to shift immediately to the stevia herb as a sweetener. He also recommends strongly the use of raw honey in moderate doses. To read and understand further on the impact of fructose on your metabolism, you may visit the link as given below.

Friday, August 10, 2018

Anbar Bibi Mausoleum


In the Zangiota village of the Tashkent region, about fifteen kilometers away from the main city, close by to the Zangiota Mausoleum lies the Anbar Bibi Mausoleum. It is also known as `Kambarana’. Anbar Bibi was the wife of the great Sufi Saint Sheikh Ai Khodja ibn Mansur who is also buried nearby in the northeast. His mausoleum is also a famous tourist destination for all people visiting Tashkent. The Zangiota Mausoleum and the Anbar Bibi Mausoleum were built by Amir Temur Lang in 1397. Anbar Bibi is the saint woman of Zangiota village who is patronized by all women, particularly mothers. This Mausoleum has become a popular pilgrimage destination for women from all parts of Central Asia. The mausoleum is the burial vault of Anbar Bibi, her mother who was called `Ulug Pashi’ and Sheikh Ai Khodja ibn Mansur’s mother who was called `Bakirgani’. Anbar Bibi and her mother Ulug Pashi assisted all women of the village in resolving matters of social and religious concerns and settling disputes. Before he died, Zangiota (Sheikh Ai Khodja ibn Mansur) requested that all pilgrims, whether they were male or female, visit the graves of his wife and his mother in law. Today, on Fridays and holidays, the Zangiota village draws hundreds of people from Uzbekistan and even remote regions of Central Asia. Anbar Bibi’s Mausoleum is situated southwest of the Zangiota Mausoleum. There are three headstones in one chamber. The building is crosswise and is covered by double sphere conical cupolas on the arch canvases. The walls were made with burnt bricks. There is a big garden and beyond the main entrance is a hall of prayer.

America is successfully pulling the wool over the eyes of the world


China alone holds some $895 billion of US treasury bonds. All the countries in the world have to keep US dollars for the simple reason that almost all international trade including the oil trade is conducted in USD currency. The US stopped making things like cars, ballpoint pens and TV sets years ago. It didn't have to make anything. Other countries made all the things that America needed and America bought everything from these other countries. So the only thing that America actually had to produce was US dollars or US treasury bonds. Whenever America has felt it was running out of cash as happened in the wake of the subprime crisis, when the Obama government authorised the pumping in of almost a trillion dollars into the economy to avert a total meltdown, all it had to do was print more money. Then it could go on throwing away money like it's nothing but bits of paper because that's exactly what it is: bits of paper, more and more of which can be printed up, as and when need arises. The so-called almighty Dollar is not backed by anything of real value. It is not backed by gold. It is not backed by any tangible goods that America produces and sells to the rest of the world because America doesn't make any such goods. There is only one thing that imparts value to the dollar: universal gullibility. America has successfully pulled the wool over the world's eyes. The international community has been conned into paying to keep the US in the high-spending style to which it has become accustomed. The more America spends and the more dollars it prints, the more the world laps up those dollars. The euro was supposed to be a counterbalance to the dollar monopoly. Unfortunately, fiscal indiscipline in Greece, Ireland, Spain, Italy and Portugal, has eroded confidence in the Euro. International investors are busily buying dollars and US bonds as a hedge against economic uncertainty. That's not like a drowning man clutching at a straw; it's like a drowning man clutching at an electrified wire to save himself. Maybe it's time for the world's two fastest growing economies, China and India, jointly to come up with a viable alternative to the dollar.

The Gentle Tiger on the Badminton Court


Prakash Padukone was born on 10th June 1955 in Bangalore. He comes from the Konkani speaking community of Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmins. He learnt badminton from his father, Ramesh Padukone who was the Secretary of the Mysore Badminton Association for many years. The first official badminton event where Prakash Padukone participated was the Karnataka State Junior Championship in 1962. He was only seven years of age then. He lost in the very first round. But at the age of nine, he won the State Junior Championship in 1964. At the age of fifteen in1970, he won the National Junior Badminton title. At the age of sixteen in 1971, he won both the Junior National and the Senior National Championship titles. He continued to win at the Senior National badminton level for the next nine years. In 1971, he was included into the team for the Thomas Cup Championship in the Indian International Badminton group. Prakash Padukone’s first international win came about in 1978. Earlier in 1974, he had won a Bronze Medal at the Teheran Asian Games. He also went on to win the Swedish Open and the Danish Open Championships in 1980. He spent much of his international career in Copenhagen and developed a close alliance with Morten Frost, a European badminton player. Prakash Padukone achieved his career peak when he won the All England badminton Championship in 1981 where he defeated Lim Swie King of Indonesia who was defending his title. He is the first badminton player of India to win this prestigious championship. This win also earned Prakash Padukone the number one ranking in the world. He has been the only Indian to reach that position till date and his name is taken along with the greatest badminton players in the world. In 1981, he achieved greater heights by also winning the World Cup Title as well as the Alba Championship at Kuala Lumpur. He was the first Indian to win a World Cup Badminton title. He won the Dutch Open and the Hong Kong Open Championships in 1983. He won a Bronze Medal at the World Badminton Championship that was held at Copenhagen. He retired in 1991 and became the Chairman of the Badminton Association of India and also served as the coach of the Indian National Badminton Team from 1993 to 1996. He is one of the finest and popular Indian badminton players. He has won many international badminton championships and has made the country proud. He has been generally considered as the best badminton player India has got. Prakash Padukone runs a Badminton Academy where he coaches under privileged children as a part of his Academy profile. Along with Geet Sethi, Prakash Padukone has started the Olympic Gold Quest which is an organisation that tries to promote sports in India. He lives in Bangalore with his wife, Ujjala and two daughters, Anishka who is trying to become an international golfer and Deepika who is already a celebrity model and an actress. There is an official biography of Prakash Padukone written by Dev Sukumar called `Touch Play’. He is also popularly known as the `Gentle Tiger’ on the badminton court.

The Fibonacci Forex Strategy


Fibonacci forex strategy uses the Fibonacci retracements to help the traders note the extent to which the foreign currency rate may go up to, before it starts to fall. Leonardo Pisoni (Fibonacci) was probably the greatest European mathematician of the Middle Ages who learned the arithmetic systems of all the merchants visiting Pisa in Italy. He realized the advantages of the Hindu-Arabic system over all others. The Hindu mathematicians and the Arabs got him started and he became the pioneer of the positional system we use today based on ten digits with its decimal point. He started a sequence series with 0 and 1 and the third number being the sum of the previous two numbers. This was known as the Fibonacci progression sequence. People, down the centuries, have begun to acknowledge the importance of the Fibonacci sequence and drawing parallels to nature’s way of the numbering system which can be applied to the growth of all things on earth including cells, plants, rabbits or pure number progressions in the forex strategy in the trading market. These numbers and the patterns have their use in forex strategy and trading techniques, especially in the technical analysis. The numbers are used to show how the value of a currency pair pulls back a few percentages before there is a reversal on the trend of the currency price movement. Starting from 0.001, the mean or golden ratio is achieved at 0.382:0.500:0.618. These ratios are used in the technical analysis of the forex strategy. These numbers are as pointers to where and when the market will move. They will help the traders to identify the points at which the market advances and those at which it may reverse. When the prices move up, the numbers act as a defence resistance and when the Fibonacci ratio gets broken, it acts as a support and can get tested again. The traders get acquainted with the support and resistance patterns through a Fibonacci analysis which helps them to decide on the market entry and exit points. The elementary rule of this forex strategy is that regardless of which currency pair is being traded, a point will be reached when the prices will retrace back to their old positions. It helps in a big way to predict the currency trends and establish the turning points in the forex market much before they actually occur. The two main levels in which the Fibonacci ratios are used in a forex strategy are at the retracement levels and the extension levels. The retracement levels can be used for both resistance and support. Using a graph chart, a trend line is drawn between the high and low levels and the vertical distance of the line is divided by the three main ratios of 0.382:0.500:0.618. The extension levels are used as profit taking levels. On the graph chart, the line is drawn between the points of a major swing low to a major swing high that has been recently noted. The trader is able to mathematically plot out the direction of the currency price movement in the market with this forex strategy and will be able to determine whether it is going to be an uptrend or a downtrend.

Benefits of Juicing


Most people do not eat their daily amount of required vegetables and fruits on an average. Juicing benefits improve their health and make them prepared to avoid common illnesses and disorders. A juicer is our best friend when we want to start a healthy life. Juicing is easy and it helps us get all the natural nutrients and vitamins in one glass. Juicing will bring back energy we never knew we had. Among the best health juicing benefits are increased mental focus and an overall feeling of wellness. With the current fast paced life styles, it is important to get those daily required amounts of vegetables and fruits. We do not need to turn to caffeine drinks or bottled juices from the supermarket to remain awake and attentive throughout the workday. Juicing will help regularize the brain function while regulating the hormonal levels and even promoting our emotional well being. Juicing reaches instantly into our bloodstream, taking the nutrition directly to where it is needed. The juicing benefits are plenty: • Detoxification of body • Lowering of bad cholesterol levels • Improving the cardio-vascular system and heart health with lowering of blood pressure and better blood circulation • Regulation of body weight • Helps fight arthritis and strengthens the bones, joints and muscles • No constipation • Better skin and hair quality through riboflavin (B2) and anti-aging • Better Vision • More energy and stamina • Better Immune System in fighting diseases like cancer Detoxification Benefits Juicing is a wonderful way of detoxifying with juices to cleanse the body and become healthier. Healing and cell renewal is encouraged by juicing from vegetables and fruits. The toxins are expelled while providing our body with the needed ingredients when we detox with juices. Juicing is wonderful as it breaks the wall of the plant cells, causing the nutrients and the water content to spill out. The bulk is removed from the plant, leaving behind the plant nutrients that are easy for the body to use and process as the fiber cells are mainly separated from the watery and softer cells. The juicing benefits of detoxification are great because our body can use the plant’s nutrients to remain healthy and resist diseases exactly in the same way that the plant did before us. Nutritional Benefits Juicing fresh fruits and vegetables gives us nutritional benefits that are way beyond eating frozen, canned or even fresh fruits themselves. The longer vitamins and minerals are exposed to light, oxygen and other environmental factors, the less effective they become to our body. Fibers are great for our digestive system as they help in reducing weight while they retain the minerals and the vitamins our body requires. Juicing helps separate most of the fibers from the produce and gives us more nutrition on per ounce basis. Anti-inflammatory Benefits When people are looking for remedies to their arthritis problems, juicing benefits are the answer. Some vegetables and fruits are known for their anti-inflammatory qualities. For example, apple and cucumber both contain silica that is essential for healthy bones ad connective tissues. Turmeric also has anti-inflammatory properties. Other vegetables and fruits that have anti-inflammatory properties are ginger, celery and pineapple. Spinach and asparagus boost the riboflavin that is good for the bones and the roots of the hair. All these ingredients could well be blended in a juicer to derive the juicing benefits. Anti - aging Benefits If we are searching for a natural way of keeping our reverberant glow and energy intact, we will be happy to note that the anti-aging effects is definitely one of the marked health juicing benefits. It is a very good habit to develop of getting healthy and staying healthy. Juicing is the best possible way to make this happen.