Plotinus and Hazrat Ali

HAZRAT IMAM ALI IBN E ABI TALIB AND THE FAMOUS PHILOSOPHER PLOTINUS Imam Ali (as) says, “In all the periods and times when there were no Prophets there have been persons with whom Allah whispered through their wits and spoke through their minds.” Nahjulbalagha: Sermon-219. Philosophy is the study of the ultimate cause of creation .Why is there a universe? What is the cause behind creation? Different philosophers gave different philosophic theories to explain the cause behind creation and the most prominent among them being Aristotle and Plato. The greatest among the last of the ancient philosophers was Plotinus. Plotinus was born in 204 A.D, some 400 years before Imam Ali (as) was born. Plotinus’s philosophy is a trinity consisting of the ‘One’ the ‘Nous’ and the Soul. Unlike the Christian trinity, the trinity of Plotinus is hierarchical in which the ‘One’ is the ultimate principle and is without any form, it cannot be grasped and is the ultimate. Next is the ‘Nous’ which is called the intellectual principle. And the last is the ‘Soul’ which is the creative principle. The Soul created the universe. The ‘One’ gave the plan of creation to the ‘Nous’ and the ‘Soul’ imbibed the plan of action from the ‘Nous’ and created the universe. Plotinus philosophy was wonderful because it had it’s basis in the human nature. Plotinus derived his philosophy from the study of human nature. We have three principles operating in us; one the unconscious, the mind, and the subconscious. When we are in a deep sleep, the unconscious becomes prominent, the one who controls our respiration and heartbeat while we are asleep. When we wake, most of the time, we know the duration of our sleep, the one who gives this knowledge is the unconscious. Plotinus reached the idea of ‘One’ through the unconscious. As the unconscious controls our heartbeat while we sleep, there is an ultimate unconscious which controls the whole universe. When we are dreaming the mind is active, it is the intellectual principle in us similarly there is an ultimate intellectual principle in the universe which is the ‘Nous’. When we are awake the thought are converted into action, this is the super conscious similarly there is an ultimate super conscious in the universe who is responsible for the creation of the universe, this ultimate creative principle is the ‘Soul’. In Hindu philosophy the ‘Nous’ and the ‘Soul’ are the complimentary unit of a whole called the ‘Saguna Brahman’. The Hindu philosophy treats the intellectual principle and the creative principle as one unit. China is famous for ‘Yin-Yang’ and ‘Chi’ philosophy. Chi (qi) is the universal fundamental energy which was formed before the universe was born. Every created thing has ‘Chi’ in it. Hence, Chi is the first principle from which the whole of the creation emanated. Chi is a complimentary source made of two opposing principles, one is yin (the passive energy) and the other, the yang (the active energy).The relation between the Yang and the Yin is akin to that of Sun and the moon. The Chinese philosophers believed that all the natural phenomena and natural laws can be explained in terms of balancing act between the Yin and the Yang. The Yang can be referred to the ‘Nous’ of Plotinus and Yin to his ‘Soul’. The Chi can be referred to the ‘OM’ in Hindu Philosophy. In the Islamic philosophy the Sun refers to the Holy Prophet of Islam (a.s) and the Moon refers to Imam Ali (a.s).Regarding the verse “ By the Sun when it shines and By the Moon, when it follows it (Surah Shams-91-Quran)”, the Holy Prophet of Islam said that the Sun refers to him and the Moon refers to Ali (a.s). Islamic Philosophy: In Islam Prophet Muhammad (as) is regarded as the fist creation. The first thing which was bought into existence was the light of the Holy Prophet of Islam. God wanted to introduce his first creation, Muhammad (s) so he created the universe. The Prophet said, “I was the messenger when Adam was existing in between sand and water (when he was not made).” Prophet (s) also said, “The first thing which God created was intellect, and I am the intellect.” The above given traditions are found in both the Sunni and the Shia books. It is very interesting that, even Plotinus used the same word ‘Intellect’ for the first creation. Shia Islamic Philosophy: The Shia Islamic Philosophy is an extension of the common Islamic philosophy, according to which God first created the light of the Prophet of Islam and then split the light into two, the other part being Imam Ali (as).According to Shia Philosophy Prophet Muhammad (as) and Imam Ali (as) are the complimentary parts of a single unit. The following traditions of the Holy Prophet of Islam are found in both Sunni and Shia books, “I (Muhammad s.) and Ali are from the same light.” “Ali is from me and I am from Ali.” Imam Ali (as) said: “I was the Wali (guardian) when Adam was in between sand and water.” Just as the trinity of Plotinus, the Shia Philosophy of trinity speaks of a formless, invisible and indivisible God, who created Muhammad (as) the first intellectual principle, and from Muhammad (as) he created Ali (as ) the creative principle. God wished to introduce his first creation, so he revealed the plan of creation to Muhammad (as), and Ali (as) made the universe perfectly as per the plan revealed to Muhammad (as), Imam Ali (as) says, “I have raised the seven skies with the powers and commandments, entrusted to me by my Lord. ''I am the one who when looked at the skies, and did not find any one who can challenge me''. ''I am the one who counts his creatures, even though they are numerous, and make sure they return back to their Lord''. ''I am the trustee who protects divine commands''. ''I do not treat anyone with unkindness, as I am the Divine Sustainer ‘Wali –Allah’'. ''His commands have been entrusted upon me and I have been made ruler over the masses by my Lord''. ''I am the one who called the moon and the sun and they moved forward in my obedience''. ''I am the one who called upon the ‘seven skies’ and they bow down on my instruction and stabilised in perfect posture''. ''I am the one who nominated all the Prophets, created all the worlds and laid the earth down''. ''I am aware of all those affairs which have been made compulsory''. ''I am the Amr (command) of Allah and the ‘Soul’ of Allah, as Allah says: They ask you (O’Prophet) about the soul, you tell them that soul is from Allah’s Amr (command)''. ''I am the one about whom Allah has said to his Prophet, ‘Two of you will send each and every malicious non-believer to the hell fire'’. ''I am the one who brought into existence everything, with the blessing of my Lord, after they were composed". Sermon of Al-Bayan: Nehaj Ul Israr. Imam Ali (as) has used the word ‘Soul’ for himself. Who was Plotinus? How did he reached the concept of trinity; the formless God, the Intellectual Principle and the Soul; Allah, Muhammad (as) and Ali (as).Imam Ali says, “In all the periods and times when there were no Prophets there have been persons with whom Allah whispered through their wits and spoke through their minds.” Nahjulbalagha: Sermon-219. ALL PRAISE IS DUE TO ALLAH, THE SUSTAINER OF THE UNIVERSE

Otolaryngology

Define Sound Sound is a form of energy that is produced by vibrating objects. A sound wave is made up of compression and rarefaction of molecules of media like solid, liquid or air in which the sound waves travel. Velocity of sound is different in each media. In the air, sound travels at a speed of 1120 feet per second at a temperature of twenty degrees Centigrade. It is faster than this through liquids and much faster through the solid medium. What do you understand by the frequency of sound? It is the number of cycles per second. The unit of frequency of sound is measured in Hertz (Hz). This unit is named after the German scientist, Heinrich Rudolf Hertz. A sound wave of 1000 Hz will indicate 1000 cycles per second. What is complex sound? Give an example It is sound made with more than one frequency. Human voice is example of complex sound. The higher the frequency of sound, the greater will be the pitch. The complex sound has a fundamental frequency which the lowest at which a source vibrates. All frequencies above that particular tone are called overtones. These overtones establish the quality of the timbre of sound. What is a decibel in terms of measurement of sound? A decibel (dB) is measured as one-tenth of a bel unit named after Alexander Graham Bell who invented the telephone. The decibel represents a logarithmic ratio between two sounds – that is the sound being described along with the reference sound. Too many decibels constitute noise which can be defined as an aperiodic complex sound. There are three types of noise levels – White Noise, Narrow Band Noise and Speech Noise. What is the dynamic range of sound? It is the difference between the most comfortable level of sound and the discomfort level which can be measured in terms of decibel loudness. The dynamic range of sound is reduced in patients who have positive recruitment phenomenon in the case of a cochlear type of hearing loss. The sound level meter is the instrument used to measure level of noise and other sounds.

Cloud Hosting Services for eMail Solutions

What should you expect by a `cloud’ hosting service? The term is used widely and fashionably in the modern information technology world. Cloud computing is inspired by the cloud symbol that represents the internet in flowchart and diagrams. It involves hosting services over the web. The term ‘cloud’ refers to the deliverance of a remote disk storing solution. Cloud web hosting consists of one storage data device for all clients. Yet, it is not just restricted to remote disk storage. Cloud email solution providers will also offer domain names, email boxes, databases and hosting control panels. Web hosting services will be able to serve multiple domain names and web portals. The email servers are entirely dedicated to the email linked services. The cloud domain servers provided by web hosting companies will support multiple data center facilities on many continents across the world. The cloud email services can be divided into three groups: 1. Infrastructure-as-a-service 2. Platform-as-a-service 3. Software-as-a-service Cloud service also has three distinct features that make it different from conventional hosting:  It is offered on demand  It is rated and charged by the minute or the hour  It is elastic and flexible. A user can decide on the amount and kind of service that is needed in any given month. The service is operated by the web hosting provider. The user needs only a personal computer and access to the internet. Interest in cloud computing has been boosted by significant developments in distributed computing as well as virtualization. Improved speed of the internet and weak economies have also helped the cause of cloud computing. The cloud email services include  Remote backups – the backups run locally every fifteen minutes. Backup reporting is done by checking the in-house reports on a daily basis.  Multiple offsite servers with data storage for your company’s information.  Critical 448-bit data encryption.  Rapid Disaster Recovery in seconds. A cloud can both be public or private. A public cloud will sell the services to anyone on the web. For example, Amazon Web Services is now the largest provider for public cloud. A private cloud is a network that is proprietary based or it can be a data center that offers hosting services to a limited number of users. As the service provider hosts the data as well as the application, the end user can use the email solution services from anywhere.

Reverse Osmosis and the importance of Cooling Towers Water Treatment

Treating the water of the cooling towers is an important part of the operations process for several industries. Without it, there is a possibility of the quality of the product as well as productivity suffering immensely as it will be affected by scaling, corrosion, microbiological contamination and fouling. It will also result in the loss of transfer of heat in the cooling towers, leading to failure in equipment and bringing out health concerns. Water Treatment Solutions There are several water treatment solutions providers for cooling towers in India. To understand this process, people have to know about the techniques of osmosis and reverse osmosis. Osmosis is the process of the movement of a solvent like water that goes through a living cell or a semi-permeable membrane into some higher concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane. Reverse osmosis is the process of the movement of water through this semi-permeable membrane by the application of pressure when applied to the solution such as sea water on one side of the membrane. Reverse Osmosis and Chemical Manufacturers and Exporters in India There are many RO chemicals manufacturers in India. RO (reverse osmosis) is the technique where they use quality and purified water in biochemical applications and in semiconductor processing. RO chemical is used when treating the boiler feed water, process water and the industrial waste water. This process of water purification diminishes the quantity of the solids which are dissolved in the solution. The process of reverse osmosis was initially developed in the United States of America in the nineteen fifties when it needed to covert sea water into fresh drinking water for the members of its navy. When seawater purification was achieved, the industrial sector followed suit to convert waste water to purified water for several applications. Today, in India, you will come across many a cooling tower chemical exporter. Big steps have been taken to minimize the effect of scaling. Chemical and ion exchange techniques have been used in pre-treatment processes. The ion exchange techniques remove the species that form the scales from the RO feed water and the chemical techniques transform the characteristics of the feed water to prevent crystal formation. An example of this would be lime softening where the hardness in the waste water can be reduced and it prevents the material from precipitating outwards. The effect of using RO Chemical RO Chemical can improve the membrane performance by the reverse osmosis system. Polluted membranes can have a negative impact through the impurities which build up on their surface during operations. Microorganisms or suspended solids pollute the elements of the membrane. These kinds of deposits can cause a loss in the output and will also mar the system performance. The main function of the RO chemical is to reduce the deposits and the impurities in the membranes of the system. Exclusively designed chemicals like antiscalants and RO powder cleaners by various RO chemicals manufacturers in India become helpful in the prevention of contaminants from attaching to the surface of the membranes.

Sindhi Language

Sindhi is an Indo-Aryan language that is spoken by about forty four million people in the province of Sindh, Pakistan and is a recognised official language of India. In India, it is spoken by over twelve million people who migrated from Pakistan. The language can be written using the Devanagari or the Arabic scripts. It has to be acknowledged that Sindh is probably the most effected part of the sub-continent and Pakistan that has suffered because of the migration during partition when over a million Hindu Sindhis migrated to India. It is sad that the detachment and disruption in their lives have remained hidden from most of the world. Sindhi is one of the ancient languages of the world and it is spoken in India, Pakistan, USA, Canada and Europe. The Sindhi language and culture play an important role in uniting the Sindhis all over the world. In India, Sindhi is one of the scheduled languages that are officially recognised by the federal government. Sindhi is one of the languages that were recognised in the eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution on 10th April 1967. Sindhi is influenced from a local version of the oral form of Sanskrit and from Balochi which is spoken in the province of Baluchistan. Most Sindhi speakers are concentrated in the Sindh province and in Kutch. Ulhasnagar near Mumbai is the largest Sindhi enclave in India. History Historically, Sindh was the seat of one of the most advanced urban civilisations of the world at Mohenjo-Daro. During the Indus Valley Civilisation at Mohenjo-Daro, the Sindhis used to grow grains and live in well built houses. In the beginning of the eighth century, Sindh was ruled by a Brahmin King, Raja D’Ahir, who was defeated by the Arab General Mohammad Bin Qasim in 712. The influence of Islam and Arabic language started in Sindh around this time. When we look at history, we realise that it is not new for the Sindhi language to have been threatened. When the Arabs invaded Sindh, the language faced many Arabic challenges. The threats came later from the Parsis and the English but the Sindhi language survived. For almost a thousand and two hundred years, Sindh was ruled by many native or foreign rulers. Most of this period was covered by Muslims. Sindhi has a large vocabulary and an old literary tradition. It is a favorite language of many writers and therefore a huge volume of literature, especially poetry has been written in Sindhi. The Sindhi language has descended from the Apabhramsha Prakrit named Vrachada. Arab travellers like Abu Rehan Biruni in his book, `Tahqiq Ma Lil Hind’, has mentioned that Sindhi language was used in the region with three different scripts that were Ardhanagari, Saindhu and Malwari. Over the course of next few centuries, Sindhi culture absorbed Arabic and Persian words which enhanced its heritage. Script The oldest record of the language and script of Sindhi is represented in Mohenjo-Daro seals. The seals show some pictographic script that goes back nearly five thousand years. When the British came to Sindh, they found the script to be in Devanagari. Some British scholars found the language Sanskritic and thought that the Devanagari script would be right for it. In 1850, they translated the Bible in Sindhi in the Devanagari script. In 1868, the Bombay Presidency assigned the Narayan Jagannath Vaidya to replace the abugida used in Sindhi with the Khudabadi script. The script was responsible for creating anarchy in the Muslim majority region. There were other British scholars who opined that the Arabic script suited the language as most of the writers were Muslims and their Muslim names could not be written so well in the Devanagari script. Sir Richard Burton, an Orientalist, with the help of some local scholars evolved a fifty two letter Sindhi alphabet. As the Arabic script could not express many Sindhi sounds, a scheme of dots was worked out for that purpose. As a result of this, the Sindhi script today not only has all its own sounds but it also contains the four Z’s of Arabic. The government of India recognised both the Devanagari and the Arabic scripts. Grammar and Phonology Sindhi has a large collection of both consonants and vowels when compared with the other languages. Sindhi has forty six consonant phonemes and sixteen vowels. The consonant to vowel ratio is three to one. All nasals, retroflex flaps and the lateral approximants have aspired counterparts. The language features four implosives. Implosive consonants are actually stops that can be modified by phonation. The vowels are short and of modal length. In Sindhi, consonants have different shapes according to their position in a word. Vowel signs are added to consonants to make the words. Captain George Stack, an eminent British linguist, wrote that he always considered English as a beautiful and copious language in the world until he learnt Sindhi and realised that causal verbs in Sindhi gave the language a beauty that was unique. Dialects The main dialect in Sindhi is Vicholi and it is spoken in Central Sindh. Saraiki is spoken mainly in Upper Sindh. Lari is spoken in Lower Sindh. Lasi is spoken in Western Sindh and Baluchistan. Thari is spoken in the desert region on the southeast border of Sindh and in parts of the Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan. Kacchi is spoken in the Kutch region and in some parts of Kathiawar in Gujarat. Vicholi dialect is the basis for standardised Sindhi. The largest Sindhi speaking place is Hyderabad in Pakistan. Literature Sindhi became a popular literary language between the fourteenth and the eighteenth centuries. Sufis such as Shah Abdul Latif and Lal Shahbaz Qalandar narrated their theosophical poetry describing the relationship between God and His creation. Sindhi literature is rich and is regarded to be among the oldest in the world. Its writers have contributed in various forms, both in poetry and prose. The earliest reference we get to Sindhi literature is found in the writings of the Arab historians. Sindhi was the earliest language of the East in which the Quran was translated in the ninth century. There is evidence of Sindhi poets reciting their verses before the Omayyad Muslim Caliphs in Baghdad, Iraq. Around the same period, treatises were written in Sindhi on astronomy and history. The verses of Pir Nooruddin were known as `ginans’. He was an Ismaili missionary and his ginans are the earliest specimens of Sindhi poetry. His verses are full of mysticism and religious doctrines. Poets like Pir Sadruddin followed him. We also find verses composed by Baba Farid Ganj Shakar in Sindhi and Punjabi languages. Pir Sadruddin modified the old script of Sindhi language that was used by the Lohana caste of Hindus living in Sindh who had converted to Islam under his teachings and were called as `Khojas’. In the fifteenth century, Madrasahs flourished where scholars of Sindh used to teach religion and rhetoric. Shah Abdul Latif gave new life and content to the language and literature of Sindh. He studied the culture of the people and their attachment to the land through music and fine arts. Sadhu Vaswani’s voluminous writings and mystical verses are witness to the beauty of the Sindhi language. Modern Sindhi literature began with the conquest of Sindh by the British in 1843. The printing press was introduced. Magazines and newspapers brought about a revolution in Sindhi literature. Books were translated from English. Progressive thoughts opened up new trends in Sindhi literature. In 1952, Nooruddin Sarki and Abdul Ghafoor Ansari restructured the literary forum of Sindhi language and called it `Sindhi Adabi Sangat’. Initially, its activities were restricted to the city of Karachi in Pakistan. Then, the interest spread throughout the Sindh and in India. Preservation of Sindhi Indian Institute of Sindhology at Adipur-Gandhidham is the main institute in India for the preservation of the Sindhi language and culture. It has developed into a culture university. Many symposiums were held with the active participation of well known scholars and educationists of the Sindhi language. Sindhi community does not have its own exclusive territory for the overall development for its language and education and therefore the need for such a university has come about. The university also promotes the study of Sindhi literature, art and culture. The university will have academic activities like advanced learning and research and will also serve as a centre for the Sindhi community. A sum of about fifty Crore Rupees has been set aside as a corpus fund to earn an interest to be utilised for the running expenses and towards fixtures, furniture and equipment. Use of Sindhi Language After the partition of India and Pakistan, the Sindhi immigrants stayed in many small refugee camps that were located near the urban areas in different parts of the country. Most of them had done their schooling in Sindhi medium of language. These settlements were mostly homogeneous linguistic groups. These Sindhis were able to maintain the cultural and linguistic identity enthusiastically due to the cultural and literary background and social contacts. The functional use of Sindhi was reduced in different formal and informal disciplines in India due to the absence of a unified geographical region and a change in the earlier settlement patterns for their economic survival. However, the Sindhis were able to establish many cultural organisations and educational institutions. The Sindhi settlements have reduced in size and number in these last sixty four years because many Sindhis have left the camps for better job opportunities and spread in the non-Sindhi urban areas. Some of them became non residential Indians and settled all over the world. This drastically influenced the functional use of the Sindhi language. Sindhis have also become bilingual in India and this has limited the use of Sindhi as their mother tongue. As far as education is concerned, many Sindhi medium schools were started and there was at least one Sindhi primary school in almost every Sindhi colony and there are even secondary schools in bigger settlements in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Delhi. There are Sindhi teacher training institutions in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Now, the governmental and non-governmental agencies are encouraging these states to introduce Sindhi language as a subject and teach through evening classes. Sindhi and Mass Media Sindhi is used in different disciplines of mass media. There are one hundred and ten newspapers and periodicals at present that are published in Sindhi in India. This plays a very important part for the Sindhi speaking community. Yet, lack of planning and resourceful infrastructure has prevented the publishers from using modern technology and giving employment to trained persons in the field of communications. Sindhi is also used by the electronic media apart from the print media. Many different stations of All India Radio relay Sindhi programs. A limited time is apportioned for Sindhi on some regional television channels of Doordarshan. Some Sindhi programs are also telecast by private agencies. Since India gained independence, several Sindhi films have been made in the country. Sindhi Language Word Processor The Institute of Information Technology of the University of Sindh has developed a Sindhi language Unicode system to help write eMails. Under the developed Unicode, the institute has also developed Microsoft Office in the Sindhi language while the system helps in composing and is of great use to researchers. The system will also help in vocal compositions as well as doing correction in Sindhi words.

Atrophic Rhinitis

What is atrophic rhinitis? Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic nasal condition that is characterised by the formation of thick dry crusts in the nasal cavity. It results from progressive wasting away or decreasing in size (atrophy) of the mucous nasal lining (mucosa) and its underlying bone. It also affects the glands and turbinate bones. Special forms of chronic atrophic rhinitis are rhinitis sicca anterior and ozaena. Etiology • Hereditary factors • Endocrinal imbalance - the disease tends to start at puberty and mostly involves females • Racial factors - whites are more susceptible than natives of equatorial Africa • Nutritional deficiency in vitamins A , D or iron • Autoimmune factors - viral infection may trigger antigenicity of the nasal mucosa Symptoms • Most commonly seen in females • Reported among patients from lower socioeconomic groups • The nasal cavities become roomy and are filled with foul smelling crusts which are black or dark green and dry, making expiration painful and difficult. • Microorganisms are known to multiply and produce a foul smell from the nose, though the patients may not be aware of this, because their elements (responsible for the perception of smell) have become atrophied. This is called merciful anosmia. • Patients usually complain of nasal obstruction despite the roomy nasal cavity, which can be caused either by the obstruction produced by the discharge in the nose, or as a result of sensory loss due to atrophy of nerves in the nose, so the patient is unaware of the air flow. • Bleeding from the nose, also called epistaxis, may occur when the dried discharge (crusts) are removed. • Septal perforation and dermatitis of nasal vestibule can occur. The nose may show a saddle-nose deformity. Management Treatment of atrophic rhinitis can be either medical or surgical. Medical measures include: • Nasal irrigation using normal saline • Removal of crusts using alkaline nasal solutions prepared by dissolving a spoonful of powder containing one part sodium bicarbonate, one part sodium biborate and two part sodium chloride. • 25% glucose in glycerine can be applied to the nasal mucosa to inhibit the growth of proteolytic organisms which produce foul smell • Local antibiotics, such as chloromycetine • Vitamin D(Kemicetine) • Systemic streptomycin (1g/day) against Klebsiella organisms. Surgical interventions include: • Modified Young's operation • Narrowing of nasal cavities, sub-mucosal injection of Teflon paste, section and medial displacement of the lateral wall of the nose • Transposition of parotid duct to maxillary sinus or nasal mucosa

Content Writing Still Rules the Web

There is no denying the fact that content writing still rules the web. The search engines will just not recognize your website and attach any value to it if it does not have any content of worth. If you take a close look at what kind of websites are sitting perched at the top of the search engine rankings, you will find all of them with strong unique content and keyword density that has an impact on the presentation. So, how do you go about with your content strategy? Your strategy has to be backed up with good research and planning. It has to contain enthusiastic and creative objectives. If you want to promote your business as unique in today’s competitive world, you have to provide content writing that is engaging enough to take a position of authority. Content strategy is all about where, when and how you will project your content and what type of content you will present for the kinds of audience you have kept in your mind. You are very well aware that Google comes out with an update to its algorithm every now and then and that it is rather severe on sites that have thin or duplicate kind of content. The consumer behavior patterns are changing and social media is hogging most of the new search engine optimization strategies. It is your content that makes you an expert in the field and also generates links at the same time. You can keep these five things in your mind when planning your content strategy: • What is the message going to be? What do you want out of your web page? Are you simply going to sell your products or make the people subscribe to your blogs and consider you as an industry expert? • Be clear about your audience. Then, you can work out strategies on where you can find most of your audience. You have to do a little research on your audience before you take steps on your content writing plan. • You have to locate your audience. You can create one of the best informational graphic presentations in the world, but if you are not sure of where and when to present it, you will not be getting anywhere. • Information can help in the creation of a good and imaginative content strategy. Social Mention and Icerocket.com could be useful tools as they can locate networks and blogs for accessing your brand and key phrases. Google’s Insight Tools and Keyword Selection will also help. • A good content strategy that throws pointers back to your website is crucial in search engine marketing. The stronger the content quality of your web pages, the higher authority Google will extend to your website. You cannot do everything by yourself. Get services of a good article writer who can cover different niches with an expertise in doing press releases. Writing blog should come naturally to that writer. The article writer has to write keyword focused articles that are factual and full of valuable information.